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Docker @debian

Docker rootful

Uninstall old (pre-installed) versions

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for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose podman-docker containerd runc; do apt-get remove $pkg; done

Set up Docker's apt repository

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# Add Docker's official GPG key:
apt-get update
apt-get install ca-certificates curl
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
apt-get update

Install the Docker packages

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apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Docker rootless

Installation

Install additional packages for rootless docker 

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apt update
apt install uidmap dbus-user-session fuse-overlayfs slirp4netns docker-ce-rootless-extras
If rootful docker is active, stop it temporarily (if rootful is also needed) 
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sudo systemctl disable --now docker.service docker.socket

as a normal user, NOT root:

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dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install

Enable and start the service permanently

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systemctl --user enable docker
systemctl --user start docker

Set environment variables

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# e.g. ~/.bashrc
export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///run/user/$(id -u)/docker.sock

Daemon running even when user is not logged in

So that the daemon keeps running after logging out (e.g. for containers that should run in the background), enable lingering: 

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# root or sudo
loginctl enable-linger $USER

Testing (as a normal user)

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docker run hello-world